VAL-14: Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)

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Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)

Bark Cones

Leaf New Growth

Mature Tree

Common Name: Eastern Hemlock
Scientific Name: Tsuga canadensis
Other Names: Canada Hemlock, Hemlock Spruce

Leaf: Needles; slightly tapered, finely toothed, flat; shiny green upper surface,
whitened beneath with white dots on either side of mid vein; 1-2 cm long.
Flower: None.
Fruit: Cones; male and female cones on same tree, near branch tips; male cones
yellowish and round; female cones light brown and dry, 1.2-2 cm long, hanging on
slender hairy stalks.
Twig: Thin; yellowish-brown; hairy; flat; has tiny leaf bearing buds.
Bark: Scaly when young, broad deep furrows when mature; reddish-brown when young,
dark brown when mature.
Wood: Weak; heartwood is light orange-yellow to reddish-brown; lightweight.

Facts About This Tree:
1. Eastern hemlocks can live for about 600 years (some have reached almost a
1000 years), and grow to be up to 30 m tall.
2. Lumber from Easter hemlocks has knots in it that can dull a saw and deflect
nails.
3. The wood from Eastern hemlocks should not be used for campfires because it
throws off sparks.
4. The fallen twigs and needles from Eastern hemlocks increase soil acidity,
which decreases competition from other plants.
5. Young trees produce cones after 20-40 years, and produce heavy crops every
3-4 years.

Lat, Long: 43.74178,-79.8222
Diameter (DBH): 47.25 cm
Last Year Modified: 2015
Carbon Stored in this Tree: 451.03 kg of C
Equivalent CO2: 1653.63 kg of C

Find more trees in Valleywood.

Reference
1. Farrar, J. L. 2007. Trees in Canada. ON. Canadian Forest Service.
2. Linda Kershaw. 2001. Trees of Ontario. Edmonton, AB Canada. Lone Pine
Publishing.
3. Photo (c)2007 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man) (Self-photographed) [GFDL 1.2
(http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.html) or CC BY-SA 2.5-2.0-1.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5-2.0-1.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
4. Sdetwiler (Own work) [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)],
via Wikimedia Commons
5. Chris Breeze at Flickr (Flickr) [CC BY 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
6. Eric Hunt at Flickr (Flickr)
[(https://www.flickr.com/photos/ericinsf/479430106/)]
7. Bruce Marlin [CC BY-SA 3.00
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

Address:

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